Abstract：
By examining two major archives, De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia and The Diaries of Batavia, this paper examines the deer hunting policies, discovery of gold ores, and development of sugar industry in 17th-century Taiwan to shed light on the environmental exploration and exploitation of natural resources by the Dutch East India Company. Under Dutch colonization, Taiwan served as a transit hub of the Dutch’s commercial network in East Asia, particularly in their trade with China and Japan. The analysis shows that on the one hand, the Dutch depended overwhelmingly on the Chinese immigrants from Mainland China to achieve both commercial and agricultural development; while on the other hand, they blamed them for exploiting the environment and natural resources. Nevertheless, the intention of Dutch colonizers was not to conserve the environment of Taiwan, but to protect commercial interests of the underlying structure of their colonization. In Dutch Formosa, Teyowan (near today’s Anping area in Tainan City) was one of the major ports in the global business networks. Numerous ships commuted between Teyowan and other ports. Prosperous trade activities made 17th-century Taiwan a thriving island of business and species exchange in East Asia. In sum, although the Dutch had helped develop the sugar industry in Taiwan, and contributed to opening it to global trade and species exchange, their deer hunting policies had driven Formosan sika deer to near extinction. Hence, the Dutch colonizers, with the assistance of Chinese immigrants,were the actual exploiters of the natural resources and species in 17th-century Formosa.

Keywords：The Dutch, Formosa, Ecology, Environmental History, 17th -Century

Abstract：
Ethnic research has been a topic of much interest in the academia. However, ethnic studies on the uncivilized aboriginal (shengfan) territories outside Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli have been relatively scarce. Ethnic relationships in these regions had become complicated with the migration of the Hans or civilized aborigines (shufan). In the 1860s, the Qing government began putting up Tu-niu boundary epitaphs (tu niu xin jie) all over Taiwan, clearly demarcating territories under Qing rule. Nevertheless, neither the aborigines nor the Han immigrants respect such delineation, and continued to migrate and reclaim, occupy and station in the Qing territories. This paper analyzes the interaction between ethnic groups in the hillside areas of Jia Nan Plain, a frontier region remote in geographical location and distant from government rule. The paper also examines how the almost self-autonomous immigrants negotiated with the local Alishan aborigines (Alishan fan) to establish their new living space. During Qing rule, Alishan aborigines included both the upper tribes (ding si she) and the lower tribes (xia si she). In today’s Alishan township, Jiayi County, the tribes to the north of Xin Mei Village are called North Zou; while those to the south are called South Zou. However, in Qing era, Alishan fun tsu (i.e., pacification rent paid to Alishan aborigines) was collected from regions along the eastern border of Jia Nan Plain, stretching from Zhushan Township of Nantou County through Gukeng Township of Yunlin County, all the way to Baihe Township and Nanxi Township of Tainan County. The huge area covered indicated the vast living space and territories of Alishan aborigines. Alishan fun zu played an important role in ethnic relationship. By reviewing the Sotokufu database, gazetteers, travelogues, ancient literature and related survey data, this study explores how the Hans immigrants came in contact, interacted and established relationships with the local ethnic groups. It was found that the interaction between these ethnic groups was complex and complicated. Nevertheless, the Han-aboriginal relationship was stable and peaceful thanks to the system of Alishan fun zu. Hence, there was no need for military communities to be established for self-defense. Findings of this study not only shed light on the interaction between ethnic groups, but also on the changes in living space of Alishan aborigines under Qing rule, which can serve as the basis for research on social development in the hillside areas of Jia Nan Plain.

Keywords：Alishan Aborigines, Hillside Areas, Alishan Fun Zu, Tu-niu Boundary, Fan Shi Zu, Da She You Xiang Zu

Abstract：
This article explores the work: “Double Suicide at Tamsui River.” “Double Suicide at Tamsui River” written in Japanese by the well-known modern Chinese writer Tao Jing-sun. Tao Jing-sun (1897-1952) graduated from the medical School of Kyūshū University and was an active member of literary groups such as The Creative Society and The Alliance of Chinese Left Wing Writers. During the Sino-Japanese War, he served as the head of the Research Center for Natural Science in Shanghai. In 1946, one year after Japan’s defeat, he assumed the Professorship at the Center for Tropical Medicine at Taiwan University in Taipei but later defected to Japan in 1950. In April 1951, he became an instructor at the University of Tokyo, teaching Chinese literary history at the School of Literature. At the same time, he began his writing career and gradually gained public attention in Japan. Unfortunately, his literary career was cut short by his sudden death in February 1952. Most of his writings are non-fictional essays with only one short novel “Double Suicide at Tamsui River.” His works were collected in a volume titled: Final Words to Japan, which was published in October 1952 (Tokyo: Sōgensha). The second print was issued in December, and a third print was added in March 1953, all receiving rave review in Japan. Tao Jing-sun’s life reflects the cross-cultural experience of many intellectuals of his time. With reference to his only short novel, which has not yet been translated into Chinese, this paper examines issues that were pertinent to the postwar Taiwanese society, such as colonial memory, cultural imagination and identity, and the crossing of linguistic boundaries.

Keywords：Tao Jing-sun, “Double Suicide at Tamsui River,” Postwar Taiwan, Boundary Crossing, Fiction, Colonial Memory

Abstract：
This monograph examines the origin and transformation of a “pro-KMT” enclave in Hong Kong called Rennie’s Mill or Tiu Keng Leng from the 1950s to the 1970s. The narrative is constructed from a large collection of sources including archives of the British Colonial Administration in Hong Kong, publications of Free China Relief Association, magazines published by the Third Force in Hong Kong, and an oral history anthology complied by Academia Historica. There has hitherto been little research on the history of the Rennie’s Mill community. Existing studies focus on Cold War international relations, and demonstrate that “humanitarian” assistance rendered by the KMT to the residents of Rennie’s Mill was mediated by anti-communist agenda, and by Taiwan’s own security concerns. This study takes an alternative approach by providing an intimate profile of the origin and evolution of Rennie’s Mill from a refugee camp in the 1950s to a “cultural diaspora” of the KMT in Taiwan during the 1970s. The interpretation will add depth and nuance to the current research and debate on diaspora in international migration studies by offering a unique case study. In sum, this monograph constitutes part of a greater effort to re-consider the 1949 exodus from a cross-border / comparative perspective.

Keywords：Political Migrants, Chinese Civil War, Diaspora, Refugees, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Cold War

Abstract：
Utilizing the newly released Chiang Kai-shek Diaries of the late 1950s, this article analyzes Chiang’s living habits and explains how he used the diaries as an outlet for his temper, frustration and anxieties, and also as thinking pads. It then explores the focuses of his attention to understand his major concerns as the supreme leader of Taiwan. From the thinking and decision-making patterns as revealed in the diaries, the article further explains how Chiang survived his continuous failure and remained positive in the seeming impossibility of recovering the Mainland. It is hoped that the analysis and explanation can shed more light on this key figure of Taiwan's postwar development, and go beyond the previous dichotomy between excessive exaltation of Chiang as the national liberator and undue condemnation of him as a heartless dictator. It is my wish that historians can aptly regard him as no more than flesh and blood, and thus interpret his thinking and policies from a perspective in greater resemblance of his original motivation. After all, as an active historical player, he does deserve a say in the history about/around him.

Keywords：Chiang Kai-shek Diaries, Return to the Mainland, Nationalist Revolution, Self-examination, Religious Practice