Abstract：
　　Before the 19th century, people from the southeast coast of China who traveled to the East Asian seas for business, farming, or mining would call themselves and be called “Tn̂glâng (唐人) .” This term involves the self-identification of these overseas residents, and terms related to “Tn̂g-lâng,” such as “Tn̂g-suann (唐山) ” and “Tn̂g-uē (唐話) ,” were also part of the culture of this maritime community. Immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan in the 16th and 17th centuries should have inherited the terminology of the maritime culture of “Tn̂g-lâng”. However, after Taiwan came under Qing rule in the 1680s, the Taiwanese literature used widely “Hànrén (漢人)” when referring to these Fujian and Guangdong immigrants. So whether the immigrants who came to Taiwan in the 18th and 19th centuries were “Tn̂g-lâng” or “Hànrén” is worth exploring. This paper analyzes the terminology related to “Tn̂g-lâng” using the Taiwan Literature Series Database. It concludes that during the Qing Empire’s reign, the highly repetitive and stereotypical usage of Tn̂g-lâng in Taiwanese literature gradually faded into obscurity due to its lack of practical value, although occasional examples with the meaning “in use” do appear in the literature.

Keywords：Tn̂g-lâng, Tn̂g-suann, Qing Empire, Fujian Immigrants, Overseas Chinese

Abstract：
　　For more than a hundred years, spanning from the late 18th to the early 20th century, the landscape of the Linyipu mountainous region in Central Taiwan underwent dramatic transformations. Over time, the original dense jungles in the region gradually gave way to expansive bamboo forests. This transformation was primarily driven by significant environmental changes along Taiwan’s western coast during the 19th century, which spurred a substantial increase in demand for bamboo.
　　Investigating transformations of the Lukang coastline reveals that the development of reclaimed land along the shoreline boosted the thriving coastal oyster farming. The cultivation of oysters using bamboo structures significantly contributed to the increased demand for bamboo. Furthermore, siltation of the Lukang harbor channel necessitated the widespread use of bamboo rafts, establishing them as a prevalent mode of transport during that era. These factors collectively escalated both the production and consumption of bamboo in the region.
　　The strategic hydraulic advantages provided by the Qingshui and Zhuoshui Rivers facilitated the rapid and extensive exportation and distribution of bamboo, thereby accelerating the development of the bamboo forestry industry. Eventually, bamboo forests came to dominate the landscape of the Linyipu mountainous region.
　　The cultivation and widespread adoption of bamboo in Linyipu not only highlight the intricate relationship between mountainous regions and coastal areas, but also provide a case study for exploring private economic activities and commodity circulation in Taiwan under Qing rule. Simultaneously, this economic activity linking the mountains and the sea illustrates the the progression of Han migration from the western plains to the mountains,
extending from the seaports into the hilly regions -- a notable trend in 19th-century Taiwanese society.

Keywords：Zhuoshui River, Bamboo Raft, Oyster Culture, Mountain Forest Landscape, Bamboo Forest Industry, Zhu Shan

Abstract：
　　British tea preferences underwent a significant shift from bohea tea to congou tea or, in contemporary terms, from oolong tea to black tea, toward the end of the 18th century. The Formosa Oolong Tea Room at the Japan–British Exhibition of 1910 enjoyed considerable success and was expected to catalyze the popularization of oolong tea in Britain. However, oolong tea failed to establish a significant presence in the British market. In contrast, during the 1920s, oolong tea remained synonymous with high-quality tea in the United States.
　　Shortly after Taiwan’s annexation in 1895, Japanese colonists cherished oolong tea as a souvenir from Taiwan to Japan. The opening of a Taiwanese tea house in Ginza in 1905, with the support of the Taiwan Governor-General’s Office, played a central role in promoting Taiwanese oolong tea. Oolong tea emerged as a modern favorite beverage in Japan, following the trajectory of black tea and coffee, as its production and export were encouraged for colonial development.
　　During the 1920s and 1930s, Mitsui & Co. and Mitsukoshi consistently utilized katakana, commonly associated with Western culture, to advertise Taiwanese oolong tea, as opposed to kanji, which was more closely linked to China. Most oolong tea images featured in newspaper advertisements adopted Western or tropical aesthetics, causing it to be easily confused with black tea. Despite being a domestic tea, oolong tea, popular in Japan during that era, was frequently misconstrued as an upscale imported commodity, much like black tea.
　　In 1903, the Taiwan Governor-General’s Office inaugurated the Taiwan Pavilion at the Fifth Domestic Industrial Exhibition in Osaka, where the Taipei Tea Merchant Public Association established a tea house. Subsequently, Taiwanese tea houses became a standard feature at Japanese expositions. The 1910s and 1920s marked the initial period of oolong tea gaining widespread popularity in Japan.

Keywords：Taiwan Governor-General’s Office, Formosa Oolong Tea, Taiwanese Tea House, Taiwanese Tea Party, Mitsui & Co., Ltd., Emperor Taisho, Fifth Domestic Industrial Exposition (1903), Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis (1904), Japan–British Exhibition of

Abstract：
　　Syu Naisin (1919-1969) was a Taiwanese architect who studied in Japan during the Japanese colonial period and later practiced in Taiwan after World War II. In Taiwan’s history of modern architecture, Syu received little attention and was considered rather “ordinary” in his profession. However, it is precisely because of his unassuming character that he holds exceptional importance in the modern history of Taiwanese architecture, characterized by its uniqueness and exceptions. His understated presence allows for a more realistic portrayal of “Taiwanese architects.” This study focuses on Syu’s 1943 diary, aiming to uncover the authentic learning experiences of architectural students in Japan’s pre-war industrial education system.
　　Analyzing the diary details reveals that during the interwar period, students in industrial schools not only engaged in routine professional courses but also integrated ideological education and war preparation into their daily learning. Moreover, it can be inferred that Syu, despite receiving industrial education, maintained a keen interest in literature and philosophy. Furthermore, under the mentorship of Kurata Chikatada, his education aligned with the development of Western European architecture, challenging prevailing stereotypes of Taiwanese architects.
　　More profoundly, influenced by the emphasis on self-awareness in modern Japanese architectural education, Syu also developed a heightened consciousness of “Taiwan.” The emergence of Taiwan’s subjectivity holds particular significance in the post-war architectural development in Taiwan, led by Chinese architects. The longstanding neglect of Taiwanese architects in discussion on Taiwan’s modern architectural history remains a persistent regret in architectural research. This study aims to address these gaps and spark renewed interest in researching Taiwanese architects.

Keywords：Syu Naisin, Post-War Architecture in Taiwan, Modern Architecture, Young Intellectuals Educated in Japan, Industrial Education, Diary