Abstract：
This study centers on the Qianyuan Pharmacy in Dadaocheng, Taipei, examining how it established its position within the East Asian pharmaceutical network from its founding in 1896 to the death of its proprietor, Chen Maotong, in 1936. Under its first manager, Zhang Qinghe, Qianyuan adopted a low-margin, high-turnover strategy that quickly attracted consumers. Zhang’s procurement trips to Hong Kong and Shanghai enabled Qianyuan to secure medicinal materials and import Chinese-manufactured pharmaceutical products, thereby expanding both its scale and product range.
After Chen Maotong took over, Qianyuan capitalized on the shortage of Western medicines in Europe to develop new proprietary drugs. Through coordinated static and dynamic marketing strategies and partnerships with authorized retailers, Qianyuan gradually won public recognition. Chen’s efforts to register trademarks and cultivate a distinct brand identity further facilitated the export of Qianyuan products to China, allowing the firm to expand its distribution network and become one of Taiwan’s most renowned Chinese pharmaceutical companies.
The business ties between Qianyuan and the Taiichi Trading Company in Nagasaki also highlight how interpersonal relationships shaped commercial network. These connections linked Taiwan with Japan, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Singapore, forming a transregional pharmaceutical trade network focusing on Chinese medicinal materials and remedies.
Finally, this study underscores the pivotal role Taiwanese medicinal companies played in the development of the East Asian pharmaceutical network. Driven by demand for Chinese medicinal materials and influenced by factors such as tariff policies and maritime routes, merchants relied on intermediaries such as the Taiichi Trading Company to handle customs clearance and seek tariff reductions when importing goods into China. These commercial interactions, and the companies and regions involved, thus became crucial nodes in Taiwan’s trade in medicinal materials and agency-based pharmaceuticals.

Keywords：Qianyuan Pharmacy, Trade of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials, Self-manufactured and Agency Medicines, Taiichi Trading Company in Nagasaki, East Asian Pharmaceutical Network

Abstract：
Prior research on Japanese prosecutors in the colonial era remains limited. Kamiuchi Tsunasaburō, who arrived in Taiwan in 1903 to participate in the investigation of local customary practices, later served as a prosecutor until his departure in 1930. During his long tenure, he authored influential works on Taiwan’s criminal policy. His extended service in Taiwan and the intellectual impact of his writings make him a significant figure for understanding Japanese legal professionals in the colonial era.
This study examines the legal thought and judicial practice of Kamiuchi Tsunasaburō to shed light on the broader role of Japanese colonial legal actors. In terms of legal thought, Kamiuchi regarded law as an extension of Japanese morality and viewed legalization as a means of universalizing that morality. Through his involvement in customary investigations and judicial work in Taiwan, he attempted to construct an ethnic characterization of the Taiwanese people, distinguishing them from the Japanese. However, his ultimate goal was the gradual assimilation of Taiwan within a framework grounded in the universalization of Japanese moral principles.
From the 1920s onward, Kamiuchi embraced Tanaka Chigaku’s Nichirenism and developed a kokutai discourse centered on the Emperor. He advocated coexistence and mutual prosperity while rejecting the Emperor-Organ Theory. His thought thus revealed a slight inclination toward constitutionalism. As for his judicial practice, although Kamiuchi served as a government-affiliated legal professional aligned with state authority, he was highly critical of the misconduct and corruption prevalent among Japanese officials in Taiwan. He was among the colonial legal scholars who demonstrated strong interest in colonial legal issues and used the colony as a subject of legal research. Although his interest in colonial legal studies waned in his later years, his primary intellectual concern remained the Japanese national polity.
Finally, when evaluated through the lens of the Exoteric-Esoteric Duality, Kamiuchi leaned toward exoteric thought. However, unlike other exoteric legal scholars who derived their arguments from Shinto, Kamiuchi grounded his ideological stance in Nichirenism.

Keywords：Kamiuchi Tsunasaburō, Prosecutor, History of Legal Thought, Exoteric-Esoteric Distinction, Colony

Abstract：
Aquaculture in Taiwan has a history spanning several centuries and has played a significant role in shaping the development of rural agricultural and fishing communities. Prior to the 1980s, most of the fish, shrimp, and shellfish fry used in aquaculture were collected from natural environments, where these species reproduced on their own. With aquaculture flourishing, the capture of fish fry emerged as an important and distinctive fishery activity. This paper examines the historical development and industrial characteristics of Taiwan’s fish fry fisheries and analyzes the significance and impacts of fry-fishing grounds along the island’s southwestern coast on local fishing villages.
Findings reveal that fish fry fishery was not only a crucial source of livelihood for coastal fishing communities but also a popular activity that drew widespread participation from local residents. For fishing villages along the southwestern coast, the management of fry-fishing grounds and the practice of customary norms were vital forces that shaped and sustained the local communal order. These practices provided not only as an economic foundation for household subsistence but also fostered social ties that bound villagers together through shared interests and cooperative arrangements.
These customary systems contributed to the social stability of coastal communities. Thus, even after the promulgation of the Fisheries Regulations in 1913, the authorities tacitly allowed such extralegal practices to continue, and at times even helped maintain them. This demonstrates that certain customary practices embedded in rural agricultural and fishing societies still hold substantial social and practical relevance, even within a modern legal framework.

Keywords：Fish Fry Industry, Aquaculture, Local Practices, Southwestern Taiwan, Milkfish, Eel

Abstract：
This paper examines the historical transformation of the Formosan landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus formosanus) from a regionally rare fish species during the Japanese colonial era into today’s celebrated “National Treasure Fish” of Taiwan. By tracing this trajectory, the study explores the complex interplay among environmental conservation, scientific knowledge, and the formation of national identity in Taiwan over the past century.
During the Japanese colonial era, the salmon attracted scholarly interest due to the geographical particularity of its habitat. Frequent revisions of its scientific nomenclature reflected the taxonomic challenges it posed. Moreover, debates over its conservation status within the legal framework of Natural Monuments, Historic Sites, and Scenic Spots revealed contrasting perspectives. While Ōshima Masamitsu argued against its designation as a protected species on the grounds of its replaceability, members of the Government-General of Taiwan’s Natural Monument Survey Committee, including Yogi Kisenn and Nakamura Hiroshi, emphasized its “uniqueness” and biogeographical significance. Their position ultimately prevailed, and the species was designated a Natural Monument in 1941, laying the groundwork for its later recognition as an emblem of Taiwanese endemism.
After World War II, under Kuomintang rule, neither scientific research nor conservation policy concerning the species was meaningfully continued. Large-scale infrastructure development, most notably the construction of the Central Cross-Island Highway, along with intensive mountain exploitation and destructive fishing practices such as poisoning and electrofishing, drove the species to the verge of extinction. It was during this period that ichthyologist Chen Chien-shan coined the Chinese name “Sakura hook-jawed Salmon”, a label later contested for its inaccuracy in describing the fish’s actual morphology.
The framing of the Formosan landlocked salmon as Taiwan’s “National Treasure Fish” emerged in the 1980s, amid rising Taiwanese nativism and environmental awareness. The promulgation of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act marked a turning point, embedding conservation within state institutions. In 1984, the species was designated a “Rare and Valuable Animal,” elevating preservation efforts from individual advocacy to national policy. As historical narratives and scientific knowledge about the species were rediscovered, the term “National Treasure Fish” became widely accepted, linking the salmon’s biological distinctiveness with Taiwan’s history, conservation ethos, and evolving national identity. The establishment of Shei-Pa National Park and subsequent large-scale restoration programs eventually reversed its endangered status. The species’ revival thus demonstrates how state-led conservation not only safeguarded biodiversity but also transformed a fragile mountain fish into a potent symbol of Taiwan’s cultural and national heritage.

Keywords：National Treasure Fish, Formosan Landlocked Salmon (Oncorhynchus formosanus), Natural Monument Preservation Act, Cultural Heritage Preservation Act

Abstract：
From the perspective of intellectual history, this article first clarifies the significance of reexamining Taiwan’s 50 years under Japanese colonial rule, 80 years after the end of World War II. It then turns to a historical narrative of Taiwan’s legal experience during this period, aiming to integrate this experience into the broader historical memory of the Taiwanese people. The Japanese Empire regarded colonial Taiwan as an “outer territory,” a jurisdiction separate from metropolitan Japan. Over five decades, Japanese rule cultivated among Taiwanese a consciousness both of being colonial subjects and of belonging to a distinct Taiwanese community. Although Taiwanese were legally Japanese nationals, their treatment as second-class citizens reinforced the sense that Japan was not “their own country.” Throughout the colonial era, Japan maintained an authoritarian minority regime. After intense armed resistance in the early years, the Taiwanese began launching modern political movements in the 1920s. In response, colonial authorities shifted from harsh punitive measures to prosecuting political dissidents under ordinary criminal procedures. This transformation of criminal justice, achieved at the expense of human rights, contributed to the making of a “well-ordered” colony. Meanwhile, supported by an increasingly impartial judiciary, the modernization of civil and commercial law under Japanese rule laid the foundation for Taiwan’s postwar capitalist legal development. Since Taiwan’s democratization in the 1990s, historical memory of the Japanese era has diverged from earlier narratives. While the motivations of colonial rule merit critical scrutiny, its institutional legacies must also be confronted and constructively engaged. The historical memory derived from Taiwan’s legal experience under Japanese administration not only informs contemporary legal debates and reforms, its greater significance lies in deepening our understanding of the social environment in which we live and fostering respect for the lives of all individuals.

Keywords：Historical Memory, Japanese Rule, Political Criminals, Police, Court, Civil and Commercial Law, Human Dignity