Abstract：
Aboriginal boundary maps (番界圖) were of unique form and function produced in a specific space-time context. Through analyzing the Taiwan Purple-Line Aboriginal Boundary Map, currently housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing, this paper explores the cartography of aboriginal boundary maps and the man-land relationship in Qing Taiwan expressed in these image documents of official discourse. In-depth reexamination of the writing and image of the Purple-Line Map revealed the context of the three-tier cartographic structure. Cross-reference with other aboriginal boundary maps, historical materials and cartographic data was also made for a thorough textual research on aboriginal boundary maps of Taiwan under Qing rule to shed light on the history and course of cartography as well as the relationship of the spatial image portrayed on maps with the land and the people living on it. This study revealed that the Purple-Line Map not only delineated the aboriginal boundary of Qing Taiwan, but also illustrated different schemes and policies of the Qing court for dealing with the aborigines. The Purple-Line Map was the agglomeration of various aboriginal boundary maps. Hence, when reading historical maps, due consideration must be given to the existence of multilayer structure. While the reason behind setting up aboriginal boundaries was for maintaining order and state administration, the boundary became practically the contact/conflict zone between the Qing court and the aborigines. Hence, the mapping representation was the product of co-construction between the state and the locals, which was the unique feature of aboriginal boundary maps.

Keywords：History of Cartography, Aboriginal Boundary Maps, Layers, Contact Zone, Political Space, Co-construction, Ai (隘, Guarding Fort)

Abstract：
After Meiji Restoration, Japan endeavored to modernize herself and promote industrialization. However, such ambition was hampered by the lack of technicians. To make up for such deficiency, Koshu Gakko, an institute that provided technical training was founded under the collaboration of the imperial government and private enterprises. The success of Koshu Gakko in cultivating technicians not only contributed to the domestic industrialization and modernization of Japan, these technicians also played a role in the imperial expansion of Japan to its neighbors including Taiwan, Korea and Manchuria. This study traced the source of architectural technicians in Japanese colonial Taiwan, and examined the roles and importance of graduates from Koshu Gakko in the Department of Building and Repairs of Taiwan Sōtoku as well as their interaction with technicians trained by the Tokyo Imperial University and other technical institutes. This exploration served to highlight the relationship between flow of technical talents and colonial governance. The case study of Otsuzi Kuniyosi, a graduate of Koshu Gakko, portrayed the actual life of an architectural technician in the Japanese colonial government and the historical significance he represented.

Keywords：Koshu Gakko, Architectural Education, Otsuzi Kuniyosi, Technician, Taiwan Sōtoku

Abstract：
Past studies on economic history of Taiwan often highlighted the “independence” of Taiwanese in capital accumulation during the Japanese colonial era. Although traces of the binary opposition framework of Japanese vs. Taiwanese capital or the colonizer vs. the colonized could be seen in prior research, the relationship between Taiwanese capital accumulation and Japanese colonial government has not been examined. Using the case study of the Taiwanese push car railway (1903-1928), this paper analyzed how the local Taiwanese obtained the franchise of operating this means of transportation, thus enabling them to gain control of cargo transport and to further accumulate capital. The analysis revealed that Japan emerged comparatively late as a capitalist country; and it was only after the Russo-Japanese War that the Japanese financial clique, Zaibatsu, began making investments in Taiwan. In order to attract Taiwanese investment and operators, the Governor-General of Taiwan and the local governments provided basic infrastructure and equipment for operation and granted favorable concessions in terms of higher fare charged and less stringent requirements of safety and maintenance. Hence, Taiwanese franchisees were able to amass great profits. In this case, capital accumulation among Taiwanese was in fact facilitated by the Japanese colonial government.

Keywords：Taiwanese Capital, Shokusan Kōgyō / Promoting Industrial Development, Local Government, Push Car Railway, Local Transport

Abstract：
In 1935, the Japanese colonial government held the first local election, allowing male adults above the age of 25 years to elect half of the representatives in city and village assemblies. On the surface, this policy seemed to be an act of granting self-government to Taiwanese. However, dominance by the majority Taiwanese would imply the minority Japanese losing representation in the government. Hence, well aware that such would threaten their political and economic interests and undermine colonial governance, the Japanese colonial government took preventive measures to prevent landslide victory of Taiwanese in the local election. Specifically, measures executed to establish political advantage for the Japanese and to ensure their dominance included the following. First, universal suffrage was extended only to those who would afford to pay 5-dollar local taxes, thus restricting the voting population to the rich and the powerful. As a result, only wealthy landlords and merchants, and in particular, the Japanese of substantial means and high income were allowed to vote. Second, by releasing the restriction for residency, more Japanese were granted citizenship with the right of suffrage, thus ensuring higher chance of Japanese being elected. Third, through electoral redistricting, the colonial government created Japanese-majority districts, which were also given larger representation in the city assembly. Fourth, by adopting indirect prefectural election, the responsibility of choosing the candidates rest in the hands of a selected few, leading to cronyism and canvass of votes. Finally, introducing the single-nontransferable vote system resulted in vote-splitting among the Taiwanese, thus undermining their prospect of winning in the local election.

Keywords：Self-government, Taxation, Local Election, Electoral Redistricting, Single-nontransferable Vote