Abstract：
The Dan-Xin Archives, a collection of case files in the Danshui and Xinzhu local court during the Qing Dynasty, abound with historical records of local administration and judicial activities in northern Taiwan. Analyzing five "core cases", including the rent resistance case of D22202 in the Archives, Mark A. Allee tried to interpret how the local court integrates disparate groups within society by way of judicial activities. However, Allee investigated so little institutional practice of political, economic and legal spaces in northern Taiwan that he couldn't provide us with a persuasive explanation relating the relationship between law and social change in Qing. In comparison to Allee's analysis on this case of D22202, this paper analyzes fifteen rent resistance cases (including D22202) in the same geographic zone, namely the Han-Reclamation District. With the help of a new analytical frame─"a social history study of law," the author reinterprets the institutional causes of these cases and the practical logic in the judicial space. On the one hand, in light of the land reclamation process in Han-Reclamation District, the author clarifies the true causes of the case D22202 and other cases, and explains these diverse relationships among legal disputes, economic and political contradictions. On the other hand, this paper examines the litigation process of these cases in terms of relevant social context. It depicts the interactive logics of magistrate, clerk, runner, accuser and the accused inside and outside the local judicial space. In conclusion, the author finds that local magistrate generally doesn't adjudicate these cases according to contract terms or legal facts, but actively manipulates his legal practice in order to maintain social order.

Keywords：Da-Xiao-Zu-Ie, Dan-Xin Archives, Land Litigation, Land Reclamation, Social History of Law

Abstract：
Beginning with the treatment of the police agency and its tedious changes and complex evolution in the Mt. Li-tung area, the paper attempts to study two types of aboriginal management facilities in Taiwan's mountainous region during the Japanese colonial rule─namely, the barrier defense lines and the stationary offices. It delineates their structures, real constructions, and the process of changes. It analyzes the similarities and differences of their locations, scales, deployments and actual buildings. In conjunction with on-the-spot investigation of Mt. Li-tung's barrier defense lines and stationary offices, the paper discusses the influences of such aboriginal-management facilities upon the space structure of Taiwan's mountainous region. During the course of managing and pacifying the aborigines in Northern Tai-wan's Tao-yuan and Hsin-chu mountains, the Taiwan Government-general changed its policy from the earlier barrier defense lines to the later stationary offices, which is microcosmic of the colonial government's "opening up" and effective rule of Tai-wan's mountainous region. In 1910, the Japanese rulers first erected the barrier defense line in the hilly area to not only contain and isolate the unsubdued aboriginals, but to also pave the way for extending their jurisdiction into the aboriginal region. Utilizing such policing facilities, they were able to divide up the hunting grounds, arable lands and tribal boundaries of the aborigines, and to also cut off communication among various ethnic and tribal groups. After smashing the aboriginal resistance, the Japanese colonial government continued to use the barrier defense lines for garrison, but soon began to install stationary offices among the major tribes. It used guile and other inducements to "civilize" the aborigines while simultaneously built roads along the rivers and valleys, facilitating a transportation network among various tribes. By 1920, the stationary offices─which were charged to civilize and to guard the aborigines, had replaced the barrier defense lines. And as the Japanese garrison forces concentrated at the newly established stationary offices, the garrison roads gradually turned into the backbone of the vast mountain region while the stationary offices ultimately evolved to become the nucleus of the newly restructured tribes. Such phenomena completely and drastically transformed the space structure of Taiwan's mountainous region.

Keywords：Guard Line, Picket Line, Savage Police Station, Police Garrison, Control of Aborigine

Abstract：
In arranging the duration of land tenure contracts during the Japanese colonial period, the main consideration is efficiency. At the turn of 1930, the duration for most of the first contracts for the rented land of the common crops changed from 1 to 3-5 years. Before the start of the 1930s, agricultural technology rendered all sorts of variable inputs. Although installing irrigation facilities to the common crops land required big investments, the renting system enabled a lot of farmers to use low cost irrigated water, thus allowing them to reap fruits of their labor in a relatively short period of time. We also find that the introduction of the new rice strain called pon-lai-mi in the 1930s called for more intensive fertilization, which led to the extension of the duration of contracts. Decade earlier, because of the transaction costs, Taiwanese landlords were reluctant to sign long-term contracts with their tenants. But in order to provide incentives to their tenants and to encourage them to invest in new technology, landlords by the 1930s generally agreed to extend the duration of contracts. In addition, we also find that if neither party broke the contracts, most of the contracts were renewed and the extension sustained and honored. In this way, some contracts lasted for quite a long time. Based upon the above analysis, we conclude that the rule of efficiency were the deciding factors of the duration of land tenure contracts.

Abstract：
In January 1979, the United States severed its official relationship with ROC, causing Taiwan to face the most serious diplomatic challenges since losing its UN seat to the PRC in 1971. Besides, a polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) toxication incident and an energy crisis occurred in the same year. As a consequence, a pessimistic atmosphere spread all over the whole island-nation. Under such an "impacted society," ROC citizens began to search for causes or engage in activities so as to express their displeasure with the ruling party. While the Formosa Incident burst out on December 10, 1979, the Taiwanese people found an outlet to unleash their anger and tension. But since the KMT-controlled media continued to dominate public opinion, any anti-government expressions or critical views were scrutinized as "subversive." Hence, the people's sympathetic attitudes toward the "Formosa Incident" resulted in a renewed reign of terror, which was dubbed as the "Formosa Sacrificial Rites". Under the circumstances, not only the high official but everyone else could become an "accomplice" during the time of the totalitarian rule. The paper strives to reiterate the gloomy past, reconstruct the "general will" of the Taiwanese people, and analyze the development of public opinion during the 1979 "Formosa Arrest".

Keywords：Formosa Incident, Formosa Arrest, public opinion, Danwai, Kaohsiung Incident