Abstract：
This article examines the features and implementation of policies for preventing venereal diseases in Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule from the legal perspective. With the adoption of the prevalent view in Japan that prostitution led to spread of sexually transmitted diseases, related policies thus introduced in colonial Taiwan since 1896 aimed at both venereal disease prevention and prostitution control. The colonial authorities established a compulsory venereal disease control system as a means to monitor the health conditions of licensed and unlicensed prostitutes. However, such health-check scheme for unlicensed prostitutes was aborted in less than a year after its initiation. As a result, only licensed prostitutes were included in the policies for prevention against sexually transmitted diseases during the first 25 years of Japanese colonial rule. The discrepancy in colonial health control policy for licensed and unlicensed prostitutes was attributed not to their legal status but racism. The majority of licensed prostitutes at that time were Japanese. Providing strict health control for these women would mean protection of the Japanese in colonial Taiwan against sexually transmitted diseases. On the contrary, most unlicensed prostitutes were local Taiwanese who were excluded from the venereal disease control scheme but were subjected to criminal penalties for being sex workers. It was only till the introduction of the Administrative Enforcement Law in 1923 that unlicensed prostitutes were once again included into the compulsory venereal disease control scheme. Since then, the authorities began to enforce prohibitive measures against Taiwanese sex workers. However, the real motive behind such prohibition was to safeguard the interests of the colonizers and the priority focused on protecting the Japanese against infection of venereal diseases transmitted by Taiwanese prostitutes.With the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the colonial authorities followed Imperial Japan in implementing legislations for prevention against sexually transmitted diseases, thus extending the health control scheme to all civilians. Nevertheless, these venereal disease prevention policies introduced towards the end of Japanese colonial rule were more for ensuring war provisions and human resources as well as enhancing the health quality of the general population, rather than striving toward gender and racial equality.

Keywords：Venereal Disease, Institution of Licensed Prostitutes, Prohibition of Unlicensed Prostitutes, System of General Mobilization, Colonial Health Contro

Abstract：
This paper reviews the development and the fruits of Taiwan history studies in Korea from 1945 to 2012, as well as the contribution of such studies to the overall research in Taiwan history. Special emphasis is put on the historical contexts and academic significance of these studies. Moreover, according to the review, this paper explores future directions for Taiwan history studies in Korea.

Keywords：Taiwan History as Part of Chinese History, Taiwan History as Reference for Korean History, Comparative National History, Taiwan-Centered Approach

Abstract：
Through reviewing papers presented at “Taiwan Historical Research 2011: Retrospect and Prospect” organized by three institutes involved in research on Taiwan history, this article offers an integrated examination of the achievements in Taiwan historical research in the year 2011. The themes explored in these research works covered a wide spectrum of histories on politics, economics, ethnic (indigenous) groups, literature, religions, medicine and health. In terms of achievements in research on different eras, general research results continued to decrease markedly while there is a persistent increase in amount of studies on both Japanese colonial and post-war periods. However, research on the Japanese colonial era was mostly conducted by Japanese scholars while studies on the same period done by Taiwanese scholars were declining in number. Although slightly more research efforts were devoted to the early history and the Qing era, the number of dissertations on those periods showed no increase. In terms of categories, cultural history obtained the most research achievements. On the one hand, political history and economic history attained slight increase in research results; on the other hand, social history showed continuous decline in achievements. The significant imbalance in attainments among different research categories deserves greater attention. In recent years, new historical materials have been published and they are of use and value to Taiwan history research. There has also been increasing emphasis on the utilization of diary materials and data archives. Nevertheless, the need of cross comparison with other historical materials should not be neglected. In particular, over-dependence on retrievals from digital data archives without consulting authentic artifacts or historical materials in hard copy resulted in fragmented referencing and out-of-context interpretations,thus undermining the quality of research. Furthermore, the academia should continue to pay close attention how laws and regulations regarding use of data archives affect Taiwan historical research.

Keywords：Taiwan History, Political History, Economic History, Ethnic History, Religious History, Medical History, Literary History

Abstract：
Using the case of Jiuqionglin village in Zhuqian area, this paper illustrates how new villages were established under the aborigine military colony system of Qing Taiwan in 1790. While previous studies on aborigine military colony system are abundant, their focus has been mainly on ethnic relationships and little has been said on the effects of aborigine military colony system on land reclamation. To fill in such gap, this study explores the process of land development and the historical significance of aborigine military colony system with a case study of Jiuqionglin village. It was found that following the implementation of the aborigine military colony system, the local government tried to integrate the farmlands surrounding Jiuqionglin under the military colony by subsidizing or lowering land rents. The scale of land reclamation was gradually extended. For example, after Jiuqionglin became a village established under the aborigine military colony, the chief tenant farmer continued to reclaim lands beyond the aboriginal frontier and petitioned to the local government for land rent alterations. In this way, new villages were set up one by one under the aborigine military colony system. Moreover, the establishment of villages was closely related to the actual operation of the aborigine military colony system. For instance, though the development of Chunghsing village (Houdong) followed that of Jiuqionglin village, they were two distinct village societies due to different operations of their respective aborigine military colony system. Jiuqionglin village was reclaimed and managed by the chief tenant farmer who recruited other tenant farmers to rent and cultivate the farmland. In contrast, the farmland of Chunghsing village was cultivated by the farmer-soldiers who were required to pay land rent regularly to Ma-shu-Jiou-She. In other words, the aborigine military colony system was brought into the local society through the negotiationbetween the government authority and tenant farmers, which then gave rise to villages. With differences in operation of the aborigine military colony system, the villages established showed variations in features and administration styles.

Keywords：Reclamation beyond Aboriginal Frontier, Aborigine Military Colony System, Chief Tenant Farmer (Dian-Shou), Jiuqionglin, Houdong, Chiang Shen-chih

Abstract：
According to the Treaty of Tianjin, Takao and Anping was opened as treaty ports in 1864-1865. All foreign firms at treaty ports employed native merchants as compradors, and the relationship between foreign firms and compradors was complicated. In the literature, foreign firms were thought to possess abundant capital and competitive advantages over native merchants, though some compradors working for their foreign employers managed to accumulate a large fortune. In contrast, this study argued that foreign firms had to rely on compradors, who had control over local business networks and possessed substantial capital, in gaining access to the domestic market that had been established since the beginning of the Qing dynasty. At the same time, compradors ran native guilds and maintained close relationships with the local government. In their collaboration with foreign firms over the export of sugar, compradors not only provided financial capital but also managed the business and handled the risks. Meanwhile, they also enjoyed privileges and preferential tax rates granted to foreign merchants under the unequal treaties. Moreover, through multi-investment management, compradors accumulated huge capital. Therefore, it can be concluded that collaboration under the comprador system was built upon mutual benefits.

Keywords：Treaty Port, Comprador, Foreign Firm, Guild Merchant, Sugar Trade

Abstract：
Poliomyelitis was an infectious disease prevalent in Taiwan throughout 1950s and 1960s. Even after recovery, a small number of patients suffered from permanent disability. Concern for poliomyelitis patients began first from church hospitals. Under the assistance of overseas church organizations, vaccine for poliomyelitis was obtained, rehabilitation centers were founded, and factories for manufacturing assistive devices were established. In addition, through her good interaction and relationship with the US, Madame Chiang Kai-Shek gained foreign aid and support for Cheng Hsin General Hospital, a hospital dedicated to poliomyelitis research, which later become the leading rehabilitation center for poliomyelitis patients in Taiwan. The period studied in this research spanned from 1950s to 1970s, during which there was a rapid decline in number of new infections following the promotion of polio vaccination by the Taiwan government in 1966. This very era also witnessed the dawn of rehabilitation medicine in Taiwan when poliomyelitis patients infected during 1950s-1960s began receiving therapy and started using assistive devices. This paper first describes the prevalence of poliomyelitis in Taiwan and the preventive measures introduced by the government. Then it explores the emergence of rehabilitation medicine and the setting up of factories for manufacturing assistive devices, which were meant to meet the needs of poliomyelitis patients. Moreover, the establishment of church hospitals, National Taiwan University Hospital, and Cheng Hsin General Hospital for poliomyelitis patients is also examined with emphasis on their history of development as well as similarities and differences in operation and administration. Finally, from the perspective of the patients/users, how they feel about having poliomyelitis and what rehabilitation and assistive devices mean to them are also reviewed.

Keywords：Poliomyelitis, Rehabilitation, Patient Experience, Assistive Device