Abstract：
Sukiyaki (スキヤキ) is a type of Nabe Ryori (hotpot cuisine) developing during the Meiji Era. Served with beef as its major ingredient, which was viewed as a symbol of western civilization, it was a revolutionary nouvelle cuisine endowed with a sense of “civilization” to the Japanese of that period. This style of cooking was welcomed by the local intellectuals and spread quickly, it also developed into a particular consumer awareness, and even formed a specific consumer group. Focusing on the sukiyaki experiences of Taiwanese during the Japanese colonial era and the post-war years, this paper analyzes how Japanese culinary culture became embedded in the daily life of Taiwanese. The consumption of Japanese cuisine, including sukiyaki, was motivated by the desire to learn the “Japanese way of life”. As sukiyaki tasted and was cooked like Taiwanese dishes, it was easily integrated with local foodways. In addition, sukiyaki was a cuisine well-liked by the intellectual class in Taiwan not only because of its own significance in cultural advancement, but also due to the affective sentiments aroused among peers sharing the food from the same hotpot, a realization of the attributes of freedom and equality in modern communities. It was even introduced to the household domain that it became an important cuisine for the intellectual class to foster happy family life. This situation indicates that the acceptance of Taiwanese intellectuals with modern ideological trend, including nutritional and health care knowledge, or community-life experiences was also important factors to guide changes in the household diet. Along with the regime changed to the post-war period, the social meaning of sukiyaki also evolved. It became a medium for mutual comfort and the preservation of previous warm friendships for those who experienced the time of Japanese rule. Sukiyaki on that meaning acted as a tool for seeking mutual understanding in the Japanese-style gatherings.

Keywords：Sukiyaki, Foodways, Intellectual Class, Community Awareness, Food Consumption, Japanese Cuisine

Abstract：
For countries with coastlines, ports not only offered access to high seas and hence opportunities for development; but also served as important gateways for people fleeing or returning. “Port songs” was a genre of Taiwanese popular music with themes or backgrounds about the sea/harbor/port. This research traced the surge of port songs and compared their similarities and differences in pre- and post-WWII eras to shed light on the transformation of Taiwanese popular songs and to illustrate their intricate relationships with society, culture, economics, ethnic groups and history of Taiwan. Findings of this study are as follows. (1) The formation and transformation, opening and closing of ports were closely related to the pre-war politics of capitalism and militarism, as well as the post-war historical experiences including the 228 Incident and the imposition of martial law by the Kuomintang (KMT) Government. (2) Ports carried the collective memories and imaginations of people of a particular era. When writing, reading, listening or singing port songs, these memories and imaginations endowed Taiwanese in those days with both means and room for richer interpretations to be drawn and more metaphors to be made. Port songs, as a popular culture, thus contained allegories of the plight suffered by the people and initiatives for criticizing and denouncing the harsh reality they faced. (3) Under the impact of the 228 Incident, port songs written in the early 1950s reflected not only the socio-economic desolation experienced by the Taiwanese, but also portrayed vividly the anxiety and anguish against disparity in treatment received by the Taiwanese and the Mainlanders under the KMT Government, the suppressed urge for rebellion against such injustice and the subsequent low-esteem as second-class citizens. (4) Port songs written in the late 1950s featured the social context in which grass-root Taiwanese trapped in economic deprivation were forced to leave their homes for better opportunities elsewhere, and also reflected the feeling of exhaustion, both physical and mental, commonly shared by the people of that era. Incidentally, such context and feeling were consistent with the predicament and sentiment of the rural population in the early post-war era. The implementation of land reform policy forced the rural population to abandon their land and migrate to cities in search for livelihood and survival. (5) Although the destinations for these rural migrants were cities rather than ports, such spatial switch between cities and ports offered an opportunity for analogies and metaphors to be drawn. There existed a translational relationship between port songs and the reality. The widespread popularity of and hence the huge demand for Taiwanese port songs brought about the trend for Japanese productions to be adapted or ‘re-created’. Along with these adaptations, singing techniques of enka were embedded into the Taiwanese re-creations and eventually became a unique characteristic of Taiwanese popular songs, making them distinctive from their Mandarin counterparts. The transition from traditional music and pre-war pop music framework with songs featuring feminine, indoor, and feeble elements to post-war modern music with ‘port songs’ characterized by masculine, outdoor and robust qualities reflect directly or indirectly the shift of Taiwanese popular culture in dependence and resemblance from inland (the Mainland) to overseas (Japan).

Keywords：Sea/Ports, Capitalism, Militarism, 228 Incident, Re-colonization, Metaphor

Abstract：
Shortly after the 228 Incident, which the Nationalist Government perceived as an island-wide rebellion, the authorities launched military repression supplemented with judicial persecution. This article explores how the 228 Incident became a “rebellion”, and probes into the complex relationships between politics, law, and military system under the Nationalist Government. As this study points out, the conveniently defined “228 Rebellion” was initially a spontaneous protest against the incompetent Governor-General Office, and eventually developed into a movement for political reform. Nevertheless, with the looming Chinese Civil War and influenced by the nationalist sentiment, the military/police, the intelligence bureaus, and the Governor-General Office all exaggerated the severity of the Incident and categorized it as a rebellious movement. Taking such view of the Taiwan authorities, the Nanjing Government dispatched troops to the island and launched a crackdown on the protesters. Although the Nanjing Government later discovered the exaggeration behind the reports from the authorities, it did not cease the military repression or persecution. Instead, it was only after the accomplishment of military repressions`(so-called pacifying and cleaning the countryside (綏靖與清鄉) did the government lifted the martial law in May, 1947, and the 228 Incident finally came under the ordinary court. Injustice of former military trials was unveiled but the central government did not rectify previous verdicts for the sake of maintaining its ruling power and reputation. Worse still, political interference cast its shadow over the legal system. Examining the retributions after the Incident revealed not only the significant roles of both the Chinese Civil War and the nationalist sentiment, but also the power hierarchy of the Nationalist Government, in which the military authorities enjoyed supremacy over both politics and law.

Keywords：228 Incident, Rebellion, Military Repression, Military Trial, Ordinary Justice

Abstract：
A well-known phenomenon of post-war Taiwan literature is the predominance of Lu Xun. In contrast, Yu Yu-jen, a revolutionary veteran who also had lots of influence on Taiwan literature, did not get due attention. This article first traces how Yu became a paragon of poetry in post-war Taiwan with the help of Tseng Jin-ko who had polemics with Lu. It also explores how the alternate emergence of modern left/right-wing literary models was related to the rise and decline of classical poetry and classical literature in Taiwan. Finally, the article elucidates Yu’s perspectives on poetry and their significance in the history of literature. Re-evaluating the importance of Yu on the poetry scene in post-war Taiwan highlighted the stimulation and impact he had brought to Taiwan literature, which was being reformed in that era. Moreover, it offers insight into the deep structure and ecology of post-war Taiwan literature. Furthermore, as members of the famous Chinese revolutionary literary group “Nan Sheh”, Tseng and Yu’s involvement and engagement in the post-war Taiwan poetry arena can be viewed as a continuation of the “Nan Sheh” spirit in Taiwan.

Keywords：Yu Yu-jen, Lu Xun, Tseng Jin-ko, Post-war Taiwan Literature, Nan Sheh

Abstract：
Following the publication of the monograph Studies of Sinkang Manuscripts by Li in 2010, four other Sinkang manuscripts have recently been uncovered. Three of them were originally collected by Joseph Steere in January 1874, lately found in an envelope by Robert Michael Jaegar at the American Geographical Society Library, and the fourth one was unearthed in Gongana, Tainan. With the same format and abbreviations as in the monograph, these four manuscripts (dated 1723, 1771, 1776 and 1798, respectively) were transcribed, with interlinear glosses and free translations in both Chinese and English, offering new and precious information. Scanned copies of the manuscripts are also attached herewith for reference.

Keywords：Siraya, Historical Document, Sinkang Manuscripts, Transcriptions