Abstract：
Chen Tse was an important military officer in Zheng Dynasty with a number of war exploits against the Ching state and Dutch colonists. Chen followed Koxinga to Taiwan in 1661 and was subsequently promoted to senior division commander leading right-vanguard troop. His new official title illustrated that he was held in high esteem at that time. However, he served initially as the acting commander only. Interpretative analysis in this study suggested that Chens promotion was an example of the official strategy for stabilizing the political situation. After Koxingas death in June of 1662, some military officers garrisoning Taiwan opposed to the succession of Zheng Jing, the son of Koxinga, to the throne and a civil war thus broke out. Historical materials showed that substantial military personnel changes in Taiwan had occurred when Zheng Jing first assumed power. Through staff reassignments, Zheng Jing promoted those loyal and helpful, sacked those who were not trusted or suitable, reserved his authority on personnel, and reorganized armed forces for counterbalancing. His intention of preventing military coup in order to consolidate his sovereignty was understandable. In view of the above, Chens promotion was most probably around late 1662 to early 1663 toward the end of civil war. Hence, the naming of Chens residence in Tainan as Tung-Ling-Fu (meaning residence of senior division commander) would not be earlier than that period.

Keywords：Chen Tse, Zheng Dynasty, Senior Division Commander, Right-Vanguard Troop

Abstract：
This study traced the establishment and development of the first private bank in Taiwan, Taiwan Savings Bank (TSB), and examined the first merger and acquisition (M&A) deal in the banking sector of Taiwan. First, TSB was founded on November 12 1899, not November 26, 1899 as recorded in the history of First Commercial Bank, which saw its root in TSB. Second, upon its founding, TSB already had some Taiwanese shareholders. By 1912, two Taiwanese, Lin Peng-Shou from Panchiao and Lee Chun-Sheng, a tea merchant of Dadaocheng became larger shareholders though with no decision-making power. Third, in face of new banks emerging and the growing need for capital, Taiwan Savings Bank joined forces with Japanese capitalists and Taiwanese landlords to establish Taiwan Commercial & Industrial Bank, which merged with TBS in 1912, marking the first M&A deal in the banking sector of Taiwan. Finally, this M&A deal clearly demonstrated the autonomy of Taiwan Savings Bank. As a private bank, TSB accepted this deal out of its eagerness to expand its business and to increase its capital. Not only was this M&A deal different from those of the present day that served mainly to write off non-performing-loans, it also had nothing to do with what was recorded in Seventy years of The First Commercial Bank of Taiwan, according to which the Japanese government amended the Savings Bank Law making it impossible for savings banks to operate independently.

Keywords：First Private Bank, Taiwan Savings Bank, Bank Merger

Abstract：
Chen Huai-cheng (1877-1940) was born in Lukang, Changhua County. He joined the Oak Poetry Society in 1902 and took up the post as District Chief of Lukang in September 1919. After administrative restructuring, he became the first Chief of Lukang Street in October 1920. He had served three full terms in total and governed the district affairs of Lukang for 12 years until September 1932. Unfortunately, he suffered from dementia in his old age. As Chief of Lukang Street, Chen supervised administrative affairs such as budgeting, tax collection, meeting with patrol leaders (Pao-Cheng) and district chief representatives (Tsung Dei) to ensure that tasks assigned were accomplished. He also served as the magistrate settling disputes and reflected public opinions to higher authorities. Despite of his many and heavy responsibilities, he had helpful and dependable staff to share the workload. During his leisure, Chen learned Sinology enthusiastically and was actively involved in the Oak Poetry Society. His pastimes included reading, antique collecting, fan painting, engraving and listening to music. All these showed that while serving as Chief of Street, he had the ability and discipline to realize his aspirations as a traditional literatus. With reference to historical materials including diaries written by Chen and other literati such as Fu Hsi-chin, Lin Hsien-tang and Chang Li-chun as well as newspapers of that era, this study explored the activities and contribution of Chen during his terms as district chief. In addition, this study also examined his life as a literaus to understand how traditional scholars balance their personal goals with real-life responsibilities under colonial rule.

Keywords：Chen Huai-cheng, Chief of Lukang Street, Traditional Literati, Oak Poetry Society, Fu Hsi-chi

Abstract：
In Japanese colonial Taiwan between 1931 and 1945, board games like Mahjong and Go (碁) had different fates under Japan’s “national policy.” This paper explores three related issues: the popularity of Go among both Taiwanese and Japanese in Taiwan during the wartime years; factors that motivated a growing number of Taiwanese in that period to learn Go-playing from the Japanese; and the role of Go in the daily life of Taiwanese during the change of regime in the early postwar era. The exploration focuses on the personal experience/diaries of Wu Xinrong, a Taiwanese doctor whose favorite social entertainment between 1940 and1948 was Go-playing. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, Wu Xinrong started to learn Go-playing in 1940; and by playing the game with Japanese authorities in Taiwan, he tried to discern their mindsets regarding colonization. Second, Go-playing was the best pastime during blackouts and air raids in the Second World War. In particular, after the sudden death of Wu’s wife, this game became his means to escape loneliness and to interact with his close friends. Third, in the postwar years, Wu sought refuge from political disturbances by avoiding contact with the outside world; while playing Go with his old friends became his most cherished enjoyment, particularly as he entered old age and experienced physical ailments.

Keywords：Air Raid, Go, Wu Xinrong, Blackout

Abstract：
Studies on local administration and local communities in Japanese colonial Taiwan are scarce due to a lack of primary historical materials. Unlike the well-preserved official documents of Taiwan Sotoku-fu, local administrative documents of the Japanese colonial era that survived till today are rare. The Taihoku Prefecture Archives (臺北州檔案) is one of the few. They are excellent materials for studying the local administration of Japanese rule in Taiwan and have a unique and high historical value. In 1920, the Taiwan Sotoku-fu implemented reforms of the local official system and granted limited autonomy to each local government unit. Shoo or Zhuang was the smallest local administration unit at that time. The Taihoku Prefecture Archives are in fact local administrative documents of Ohka Shoo (or Yingge Village) office in Taihoku Prefecture from 1921 to 1945, and have 187 volumes containing about 6,000 files. These archives have been made accessible to the public since 2009. Although they are nearly complete primary historical materials about a local community over a long duration and have covered many aspects of local administration of Taiwan under Japanese rule, they have never been studied in full detail. This paper introduces the outline of the Taihoku Prefecture Archives including their history, the contents of each file, and the classification of files according to their contents. Both local governance and social indoctrination in Ohka Shoo are then reviewed in the light of the archive documents. Potential applications of these documents for future research on Taiwan under Japanese rule including local industrial history, educational history and local administrative history are also suggested.

Keywords：Taihoku Prefecture, Ohka Shoo Village, Local Administrative Documents, Municipal System, Social Indoctrination