Abstract：
In the 1903 Osaka Exhibition, imperial Japan established a Taiwan Pavilion to show off her accomplishments in colonial enterprise. Like those reports of Japanese colonial bureaucrats from Taiwan to the homeland, the primary goal of the exhibits in the Taiwan Pavilion was to boast of Japan's successful colonial rule. However, there were several bureaucrats of the Taiwan Government-general who felt marginalized by the metropolitan authorities. And such peculiar mentality was reflected in some of the exhibitions in the Taiwan Pavilion. For instance, the Japanese colonial officials took pains to minimize the display of opium-smoking and foot-binding because they were concerned that such uncivilized habits might cause the Japanese to misconstrue that Taiwan was a land of savages. Despite their well-intentioned efforts, the Taiwan Pavilion at the Osaka Exhibition generated little or no interests among the Japanese people at large. The exhibition failed to change Japanese negligence toward and contempt for Taiwan. It was due to such disappointment and malcontent that ironically led the Japanese who lived in Taiwan to identify with the Taiwanese people. This "common identity" later developed into what was known as the "Taiwan-oriented Regionalism" in the 1930s.

Keywords：1903 Osaka Exhibition, the Taiwan Pavilion, Japanese colonial bureaucrats, image of Taiwan, Taiwan-oriented Regionalism

Abstract：
This paper is concerned about the time when the light literature traditional in Taiwan started to transform into the mass literature that had modern consciousness, and the influence of Han language on literature and art production in this literature and art modernization process, and its self-changes that occurred during the process. This paper is planned to carry out generalization analysis from the aspect of "the generations derived from traditional scholar", aiming at the differance between Feng Yueh and San Liou Chiou Tabloid, and the changes of Feng-Yueh in Feng Yueh Newspaper. Author's intention is to reveal the different derivative generations of traditional scholar that have different changes in art and literature production/consumption due to the differance of the culture position chosen, and criticism mechanism from the viewpoint of derivative generation and cultural differance. The community culture psychology of traditional scholar and their derivative generations in providing the reading and writing population of Han art and literature, and holding together the cultured, Han language popularity demand and crisis is the most principal power to support the growth and development of Han language literature and art during colonization period. But traditional scholar and their derivative generation engaged in the behavior of producing light literature in order to "hold together the cultured". The result did not really solidify the existing tradition, but facilitated the unceasing opening up of Han language culture tradition, Han language literature and art meaning to certain extent, heading towards the possible direction that is provided by the cultural condition of new society. In the Japanese colonization period, the light literature magazine of Taiwan had started from San Liou Chiou Tabloid group, displaying the result of its self-relief and self-reproduction in Han language/Han culture. Through the operation of decadent strategy, San Liou Chiou Tabloid produced the effect of decolonization/dewesternization to the outside, and induced the side effect of tradition deconstruction and canon weakening for internal at the same time, which also created the turning point of Han language art and literature liberation from elite, science, and classic tradition, heading towards modern mass literature and art development.

Keywords：:San Liou Chiou Tabloid, Feng Yueh, Feng Yueh Newspaper, traditional scholar, light literature, generation, difference

Abstract：
During the colonial period, the Japanese government introduced a western-style legal system to Taiwan and the Taiwanese were henceforth exposed to modern legal knowledge and practice. In 1945, when World War II ended Japan's colonial rule in Taiwan, there was a group of Taiwanese literati with substantial legal training, called as the "native legal elite" herein. From the aspects of political circumstances, legal profession and legal education, this article examines the conditions and the predicaments of the native legal elite during the early years when Taiwan was under the rule of the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) regime. Generally speaking, under the policy of "de-Japanization" and "Becoming Chinese", the native legal elite faced a "talent-denied" dilemma in many areas. In political arena, it was nearly impossible for them to move up to higher positions in the administrative branch. Indeed, only those who followed the dictums of Chinese "patron-client relationship" could they achieve a modest success. The situation became slightly better in local assemblies, where the assemblymen were elected by native Taiwanese. Thus, the historical experience of the native islanders differed from that of the new rulers fleeing from mainland China. Many Taiwanese maintain that such a differential treatment ultimately caused the 228 Incident in 1947. After the bloody massacre, the KMT regime reinforced its control over Taiwan. By the time another local assembly election was held during 1949-1950, most of the native legal elite had either become members of the KMT, or had cultivated good relationship with the ruling party. In Taiwan's post-war legal profession, the native legal elite had auspicious beginning. Those who stayed in the judicial branch were appointed to take over the management of district courts, and the lawyers who were admitted during the colonial period were allowed to practice law with new registration. However, in the following years, many native legal elite, who were not accustomed to Republican China's judicial culture, resigned by drove. Meanwhile, the lawyers who were admitted during the colonial period had to take new bar examinations so that they could practice law under the new legal system. Though they finally succeeded after years of struggle and perseverance, they had to compete with numerous mainlander Chinese lawyers in the market of legal service. Regarding to legal education, certain members of the native legal elite had tried to establish a college of law, but failed because of the occurrence of the 2.28 Incident. In summary, the native Taiwanese legal elite who were educated during the colonial period had been marginalized by KMT's "Chineseness Policy". They were in fact the forgotten and victimized legal generation.

Keywords：legal elite, lawyer, bengoshi, legal education

Abstract：
　　For a long time, utilizing agricultural know-how as a means of foreign aid had been the major diplomatic mission of the Republic of China (hereafter ROC). The 1960s Vanguard Project─designating Africa as its principal beneficiary─might be the best known of such diplomacy. Previous research on this project usually attributes ROC's rising international status to the success of the Vanguard Project but neglects the involvement of the United States. A few studies do give credit to Uncle Sam in this matter, but depict Washington as only playing a secondary supportive role. Taking into consideration Taiwan's cheap labor, Africa's status during the Cold War era, and Washington's projected "Two-Chinas" diplomatic scheme, this article analyzes and reassesses the functioning and the role of the United States in this venture. The author concludes that in addition to bolstering the reputation of the ROC in Africa, the Vanguard Project also served as a distracter at the time when Washington was covertly courting Beijing.

Keywords：Africa, Vanguard Project, Agricultural mission, Hsi-kun Yang, Public Law 480, Chinese Representation in the United Nations