Abstract：
　　Favorlang is an extinct Formosan dialect formerly spoken by people living in the central-western plain of 17th-century Taiwan under the colonial rule of the Dutch East India Company. This historical ethnography of the Favorlang people examines lexical records from a dictionary titled Woord-boek der Favorlangsche Taal [Dictionary of the Favorlang Dialect of the Formosan Language], nominally uthored by Gilbertus Happart, a missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church. Analytical research reveals that the dictionary was actually compiled by more than one individual, including Reverend Simon van Breen, the first priest sent to the Favorlang area (1644-1647), who was probably the genuine author of the dictionary.
　　Before a manuscript study can be conducted, an examination of the process of compilation and publication of the dictionary is required. The results of this examination suggest that the dictionary was compiled between 1644 and 1662 by a group of ministers in the Dutch Reformed Church during their study and application of the Favorlang language. This process began with the group’s founder and was carried through by subsequent missionaries sent to Formosa. Through the analysis of ethnographic writing from multiple perspectives, the author attempts to re-present the Favorlang world that previously existed in the perceptions of the Dutch observers.

Keywords：Favorlang, Ethnography, Plains Indigenous Peoples, The Dutch Reformed Church, Seventeenth-Century History of Taiwan

Abstract：
　　Shimizu Gumi was a civil construction company in Japan with construction skills and expertise deeply trusted by the government, though its business clients were mainly private enterprises. Under early Japanese rule, Taiwan promoted many civil construction projects, and construction companies in Japan came to Taiwan one after another. Most of the early projects involved civil engineering; hence, the construction-centered Shimizu Gumi was not actively developing in Taiwan. Neither did it undertake many projects nor open any branch office; and the projects it undertook were mostly for the military. In August 1930, Shimizu Gumi, in the face of recession, took action to establish a temporary branch office in Taiwan. In February 1932, Toyokichi Doi was sent to Taiwan to serve as director of the temporary branch office, which was upgraded as an official branch in February 1936. During this time, in addition to the military, Taiwan’s central government, local government offices and private industries became its clients, and the types of projects it undertook became more diversified. Following the outbreak of war, the Taiwan branch, like the head office, supported the national policy and sided with the military in promoting southward expansion. The scale of the branch thus expanded rapidly, and the amount of projects undertaken increased greatly. In 1943, the Taiwan branch building was completed, demonstrating the company’s will for active cooperation with the military and long-term development in Taiwan. In line with military expansion, the volume of overseas projects surged accordingly; thus the Guangdong branch was set up in February 1939 followed by the Hong Kong branch in February 1943. Not only did the company carry out construction projects, it was also involved in combat. Driven by the southward expansion policy, the branch became an important backing for enterprises advancing to the south and for the military deploying tactics. To support the industrialization policy of the Government-General of Taiwan and the southward expansion of the Japanese Empire, the Taiwan branch made the southern regions as well as the areas around Kaohsiung and Hualien port key districts. Prominent industries were also important clients of the branch, clearly demonstrating their contribution to the industrialization policy. In addition, the branch office played an important role in the development of Kaohsiung and the deployment of Taiwanese and Japanese troops in southern Taiwan.

Keywords：Shimizu Gumi, Civil Construction, Industrialization, Southward Expansion, Kaohsiung

Abstract：
　　This article traces the peace settlement with Japan and how Taiwan’s status was considered and dealt with in the context of the East Asian Cold War and geopolitics. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Cold War in East Asia escalated, and the US government decided to revive Japan to curb the spread of Communism. For this reason, accelerating negotiations on the peace settlement to end the occupation of Japan was necessary. At the same time, the US did not want Taiwan to fall into the hands of hostile camps, and the Seventh Fleet needed to have a legal ground for its intervention in the Taiwan Strait after the outbreak of the Korean War, it was thus decided in the San Francisco Peace Treaty that Taiwan’s sovereignty ownership would remain ‘frozen’ or undetermined.
　　Owing to its defeat in the civil war, the Kuomintang government could only side with the propositions of the US, and even proposed that Japan needed only to renounce Taiwan and Penghu without specifying the ownership of sovereignty in the peace treaty. Despite harboring varied interests, both China and the US gradually came to a consensus to freeze Taiwan’s legal status in the peace treaty.
　　However, with interests different from those of the US, the UK advocated the return of Taiwan to the People’s Republic of China in accordance with the Cairo Declaration. These two powers had serious conflicts over China’s representation and the Taiwan issue. After continuous negotiations, they finally reached the “Dulles-Morrison Agreement” in June 1951. One of the key points in the Agreement was Taiwan’s future remaining undetermined in the peace treaty. In short, the San Francisco Peace Treaty ‘froze’ Taiwan’s legal status and abrogated the Cairo Declaration.
　　Pressured by the US, Japan chose to conclude a bilateral peace treaty with the Republic of China under two principles. One was that the contents of the peace treaty must be the same as those of the San Francisco Peace Treaty; and the other was that the treaty was applicable only to the area under the control of the Kuomintang government. Although the Kuomintang government had attempted to stipulate their ownership of Taiwan’s sovereignty in the draft treaty, it was immediately discovered and opposed by the US. Article 10 of the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty stipulated that nationals of the Republic of China include residents of Taiwan and Penghu, but both China and Japan emphasized that this has nothing to do with the ownership of sovereignty.

Keywords：Cold War, San Francisco Peace Treaty, Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty, Legal Status of Taiwan

Abstract：
　　This study traces the development of canned asparagus production and marketing in postwar Taiwan. Moreover, it examines the impact of the newly introduced crop of asparagus on the agricultural history of Taiwan and the diversity of canned agricultural exports from Taiwan. The introduction and cultivation of asparagus enhanced Taiwan’s adoption of international agricultural science and technology. However, the critical breakthrough in farming methods, the “mother stalk” cultivation method widely practiced in Taiwan, was seen as a locally developed agricultural skill. This method was derived from the farming approach applied to the cultivation of bamboo shoots in Taiwan. In other words, the key technology for the cultivation and harvesting of asparagus in Taiwan was actually developed from local agricultural knowledge.
　　In the mid-to-late 1960s, canned asparagus produced in Taiwan surpassed that in the US, most of which was exported to West Germany, the most internationally important canned asparagus market at the time. Taiwan’s export sales of canned asparagus soon ranked top in the world. In order to optimize the stability of production and to stay competitive in the global market, the government intervened in the production and marketing of canned asparagus. Specifications for the production of canned asparagus and inspection of ingredients were formulated with reference to those of Taiwan’s main competitors, including the US and Japan. Implementation of international market standards had a significant impact on local farming communities and farmers.
　　Moreover, the production and marketing system developed by the government strengthened the connection between the asparagus farmers and the farmers’ associations, creating a production and marketing chain that linked farmers, farmers’ associations, food canneries, canned asparagus exporters, and West German importers. In sum, active interaction between the people and the government, as well as local farming communities and international trade markets, promoted the rise of Taiwan as the key canned asparagus exporter in the mid-to-late 1960s.

Keywords：Asparagus, Canned Food, West Germany, Food Export

Abstract：
　　This article provides a review of research on Taiwan’s history of education from 2020 to 2021. In total, there were 62 research articles published, 43 in 2020 and 19 in 2021, showing a stark difference in the number of publications between these two years. Among them, 24 were journal articles, book chapters or proceedings, 15 were master or doctoral theses, and 23 were monographs, with 5 studies covering the Qing Dynasty; 28, the Japanese colonial era; 25, post-world war II, and the remaining 4 covering more than one period of time. Apparently, topics related to the Japanese colonial era and post-world war II were more popular. In particular, for the 15 master and doctoral dissertations, 4 were about the Japanese colonial era; 9 on post-world war II, and 2 covering two time periods, indicating the preference of young scholars towards research on post-war topics.
　　In line with traditional research, the 5 works on the Qing Dynasty explored the Qing Imperial Examination System and Confucius institutions in Taiwan. Studies covering the Japanese colonial era focused mainly on discussing school education at all levels, history of school subjects as well as campus life and culture. With regard to research on post-war history of education, not only did the number of studies increase, the topics also became more diverse. In conclusion, research on Taiwan’s history of education between 2020 and 2021 showed a wide variety of topics with breakthroughs in applying new historical materials and novel research perspectives, thus yielding richer and more comprehensive outcomes. However, many new research studies have just begun. Fruitful research outcomes would require thorough examination of historical archives and rigorous logical analysis.

Keywords：History of Education, School History, Campus, Textbook

Abstract：
　　With focus on the academic research on “political history of modern Taiwan” from 2020 to 2021, this article summarizes the main findings, aiming to clarify the trends in recent studies and identify topics worthy of future exploration. In addition to discussing research results on political history of Taiwan under Japanese rule and in the post-war period, this article also devotes a section to reviewing research outcomes that span across different eras and territories. Topics related to the Japanese colonial era include imperial policies and Taiwanese society, local systems and individual figures or events, as well as the subjectivity and actions of Taiwanese people. Cross-era and cross-boundary topics include military history and Taiwanese Imperial Japan Servicemen, the 228 Incident and its ripples, Taiwan’s foreign relations and legal status, Taiwan Sekimin became overseas Taiwanese. Post-war topics include authoritarian rule, political cases and transitional justice, democracy and human rights, and election campaigns.
　　Political history is the core of historical research, and exploring Taiwan’s political history over the past century is of particular academic and practical significance. It is noteworthy that Taiwan has created two miracles in the past century; one being the economic miracle of rapid income growth, and the other, the political miracle of establishing a democratic political system. Reviewing the past century, this article presents how Taiwan achieved the political miracle of democratization. There are still many issues in the political history of modern Taiwan that merit in-depth investigation. In addition to topics related to the Japanese colonial era and the post-war period, many cross-era and cross-territory issues also warrant further examination. Interdisciplinary comparative analysis and the establishment of Taiwanese subjectivity are possible research directions. With dedication to identifying problems and analyzing historical materials, new subjects will be discovered for further exploration in future.

Keywords：Political History of Taiwan, Modern, Japanese Rule, Post-war Period, Retrospect and Prospect